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=Styling your page with CSS=


==CSS - Cascading Style Sheets ==  
=Styling your Web page with CSS=
HTML is not meant to style (inline syling: <code>style="color:..."<code>) is old fashion and discouraged.
 
==CSS - Cascading Style Sheets ==
HTML is not meant to style (inline syling eg: <pre><h1 style="color:red;background:black></pre> is old fashion and discouraged).


'''CSS is the preferred to way to style.'''
'''CSS is the preferred to way to style.'''
* HTML tell the browser what content it should display
* HTML tell the browser what content it should display
* CSS tells the browser '''how to display''' that content.
* CSS tells the browser '''how to display''' that content.


==css in your html page==
==CSS inside an HTML page==
* <code><style> CCS code goes inside the style tags </style></code>  
* CSS code goes '''inside the style tags''' <code><style> ... </style></code>
* inside the head of the html page.
*  <code><style> ... </style></code> tags are '''placed inside the head''' of the HTML page.


<source lang="html4strict">
<source lang="html4strict">
Line 18: Line 17:
<html>
<html>
  <head>
  <head>
  <style>
    <style>
    <!-- you css style-sheet will go in here -->
 
     body{
     body{
      background: #FF19DC;
            background: #FF19DC;
      color: black;
    color: black;
      font-family: mono;
    font-family: mono;
      }
        }
 
   </style>
   </style>
</head>
  </head>
</html>
  </html>
<body></body>
  <body></body>
</html>
  </html>
</source>
</source>


== anatomy of a css style-sheet ==
== anatomy of a css rule ==
Each CSS style sheet (all the styles of a page) is made of several rules.
 
Each '''rule''' follows the syntax:


[[File:Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png|600px|]]
[[File:Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png|600px|]]
Line 38: Line 41:
<small>Source: http://dabrook.org/resources/posters/</small>
<small>Source: http://dabrook.org/resources/posters/</small>


* CSS rule:
 
** element (what element(s) is being styled)
==Example of a CSS rule==
** property (what property from the element is being styled) - value pair (how is it being styled)
* '''element''': what element(s) is being styled e.g. ''div''
* '''property''': what property of that element is being styled e.g. ''color''
* '''value''': how the property is styled e.g. ''white''


<source lang="css">
<source lang="css">
Line 49: Line 54:
       height: 250px;
       height: 250px;
       font-size:30pt;
       font-size:30pt;
  }
        }
</source>
</source>
Here we are styling the element(s) div in the html page.


==css properties==
Here we are styling all the div elements in the html page.
 


CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference
==CSS Properties==


'''CSS Property reference''' https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference
Some properties.
* color, background-color, width, height
* color, background-color, width, height
* border, box-shadow, list-style
* border, box-shadow, list-style
Line 62: Line 70:
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform transform], gradient, border-radius
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform transform], gradient, border-radius


Use some of these properties to style your page.
'''Use some of these properties, and others that you discover in your page.'''


== a separate CSS file  ==
The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in '''css file <code>style.css</code>'''.


To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file.
-----


<source lang="html4strict">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
....
</source>


=Inspecting a page=
The browser (Chrome and Firefox) offer the possibility of inspecting a page with the option '''Inspect Element'''.


This possibility allows for prototyping (changing and seeing immediately the result ) a page's CSS and HTML.


create section with:
'''Keep in mind that this changes WILL NOT be saved.
5. positioning, z-index, float, display
To do so you need to copy them to the editor and save them.  
'''






-----




==id and class attributes==
=id and class attributes=
Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.  
Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.


They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.
They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.


Note:
* '''id (#) is used to 'distinguish'' tags'''
* '''class (.)''' is used to ''group'' tags'''


==id==
==id==
'''Ids cannot repeat in the same file.''' They are used to '''distinguish''' tags
* '''id (#) is used to 'distinguish'' tags'''
* the same id cannot be repeated in the same file. Use only once.
* The symbol for id is: '''<code>#</code>'''
 
<source lang="css">
p { color: black;
    font-weight: bold;
  }
 
p#special{ color: red;
          font-weight: normal;
          transform: matrix(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
}
</source>
 


The symbol for id is: <code>#</code>
<source lang="html4strict">
<source lang="html4strict">
<div id="square" style="background:black; color:red; width:400px; height:100px"/>  
<p id="special">I am specific paragraph with id="special" </p>
<p>Just another paragraph under the tag p .</p>
<p>Another one of the same tag p, without id.</p>
</source>
</source>


Id can server as a anchor (link) point within each page.
Only the paragraph with id="special" will be effected by the rule above <code>p#special</code>: red, normal weight, transform. The remaining paragraphs are only affect by the rule <code>p {...}</code>


==css id selector(for a specific element)==
==class==
* '''class (.)''' is used to ''group'' different tags''' - They become styled by same CSS rule
* class can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file
* The symbol for class is: <code>.</code>


==class==
'''Classes''' can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file. They are used to '''group''' tags.


The symbol for class is: <code>#</code>
<source lang="css">
p {
      color: black;
  }


<source lang="html4strict">
.text{ color: black;
<p class="text">A</p>                                                         
      font-weight: italic ;
<p class="text">B</p>                                                         
      background: #003366;
<p class="text">C</p> 
      color: white;
</source>
}


==css class selector(for a group of elements)==
      </source>


==css for several elements (for a group of elements)==


==styling links==
<source lang="html4strict">
css uses a pseudo-class for the different states of a link
      <div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
      <span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
      <p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
      <p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
      <p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
      <p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>
</source>


a:visited - a link the user has visited
a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
a:active - a link the moment it is clicked




== display ==
-----
* display: none;
* display: inline;
* display: block;
* display: inline-block;


https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display
= a separate CSS file  =
==position property==
The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in '''css file.
* relative
* absolute
* fixed
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/position


==centering==
To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file, using the tag link inside the html head.


<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />


<source lang="html4strict">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  </head>
  <body>
  ....
</source>
 




== Online Resources ==
= Online Resources on CSS =
* CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference
* CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference
* Lynda.com CSS-Selectors (Part 1) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/CSS-Selectors/192036-2.html?org=hr.nl
* Lynda.com CSS-Selectors (Part 1) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/CSS-Selectors/192036-2.html?org=hr.nl
* Lynda.com CSS Gradients (Part2,3) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/Exploring-linear-syntax/115467/122823-4.html
* Lynda.com CSS Gradients (Part2,3) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/Exploring-linear-syntax/115467/122823-4.html
* Centering elements with http://www.w3.org/Style/Examples/007/center.en.html


==Next week==
= Art works, making heavy use of CSS =
Will be dedicated to CSS for typography; And web-fonts;
Florian Cramer ''Local Impro Snodge '' http://cramer.pleintekst.nl/deplayer-impro-snodge/ - essencially gifs and CSS

Latest revision as of 11:34, 10 October 2018

Styling your Web page with CSS

CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

HTML is not meant to style (inline syling eg: 

<h1 style="color:red;background:black>

is old fashion and discouraged).

CSS is the preferred to way to style.

  • HTML tell the browser what content it should display
  • CSS tells the browser how to display that content.

CSS inside an HTML page

  • CSS code goes inside the style tags <style> ... </style>
  • <style> ... </style> tags are placed inside the head of the HTML page.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
    <style>

     body{
            background: #FF19DC;
	    color: black;
	    font-family: mono;
			        }

   </style>
   </head>
   </html>
   <body></body>
   </html>

anatomy of a css rule

Each CSS style sheet (all the styles of a page) is made of several rules.

Each rule follows the syntax:

Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png

Source: http://dabrook.org/resources/posters/


Example of a CSS rule

  • element: what element(s) is being styled e.g. div
  • property: what property of that element is being styled e.g. color
  • value: how the property is styled e.g. white
div {
      background: blue;
      color: white;
      width: 500px;
      height: 250px;
      font-size:30pt;
	         }

Here we are styling all the div elements in the html page.


CSS Properties

CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference

Some properties.

  • color, background-color, width, height
  • border, box-shadow, list-style
  • margin, padding
  • transform, gradient, border-radius

Use some of these properties, and others that you discover in your page.



Inspecting a page

The browser (Chrome and Firefox) offer the possibility of inspecting a page with the option Inspect Element.

This possibility allows for prototyping (changing and seeing immediately the result ) a page's CSS and HTML.

Keep in mind that this changes WILL NOT be saved. To do so you need to copy them to the editor and save them.



id and class attributes

Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.

They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.

  • id (#) is used to 'distinguish tags
  • class (.) is used to group tags

id

  • id (#) is used to 'distinguish tags
  • the same id cannot be repeated in the same file. Use only once.
  • The symbol for id is: #
p { color: black;
    font-weight: bold;
   }

p#special{ color: red;
           font-weight: normal;
           transform: matrix(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
	}



<p id="special">I am specific paragraph with id="special" </p>
<p>Just another paragraph under the tag p .</p>
<p>Another one of the same tag p, without id.</p>

Only the paragraph with id="special" will be effected by the rule above p#special: red, normal weight, transform. The remaining paragraphs are only affect by the rule p {...}

class

  • class (.) is used to group different tags - They become styled by same CSS rule
  • class can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file
  • The symbol for class is: .


p {
       color: black;
   }

.text{ color: black;
       font-weight: italic ;
       background: #003366;
       color: white;
		 }



       <div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
       <span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
       <p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
       <p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
       <p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
       <p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>


a separate CSS file

The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in css file.

To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file, using the tag link inside the html head. 

<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  </head>
  <body>
  ....


Online Resources on CSS

Art works, making heavy use of CSS

Florian Cramer Local Impro Snodge http://cramer.pleintekst.nl/deplayer-impro-snodge/ - essencially gifs and CSS

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