Courses/Design & Technique-Essential Web Design/03

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Styling your page with CSS

CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

HTML is not meant to style (inline syling: style="color:...") is old fashion and discouraged.

CSS is the preferred to way to style.


  • HTML tell the browser what content it should display
  • CSS tells the browser how to display that content.

css in your html page

  • <style> CCS code goes inside the style tags </style>
  • inside the head of the html page.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
   <style>
     <!-- you css style-sheet will go in here -->
     body{
       background: #FF19DC;
       color: black;
       font-family: mono;
      }
   </style>
</head>
</html>
<body></body>
</html>

anatomy of a css style-sheet

Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png

Source: http://dabrook.org/resources/posters/

  • CSS rule:
    • element (what element(s) is being styled)
    • property (what property from the element is being styled) - value pair (how is it being styled)
div {
      background: blue;
      color: white;
      width: 500px;
      height: 250px;
      font-size:30pt;
   }

Here we are styling the element(s) div in the html page.

css properties

CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference

  • color, background-color, width, height
  • border, box-shadow, list-style
  • margin, padding
  • transform, gradient, border-radius

Use some of these properties to style your page.

a separate CSS file

The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in css file style.css.

To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 
</head>
<body>
....


create section with: 
5. positioning, z-index, float, display



id and class attributes

Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.

They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.

Note:

id

Ids cannot repeat in the same file. They are used to distinguish tags

The symbol for id is: #

<div id="square" style="background:black; color:red; width:400px; height:100px"/>

Id can server as a anchor (link) point within each page.

==css id selector(for a specific element)==

class

Classes can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file. They are used to group tags.

The symbol for class is: #

<p class="text">A</p>                                                           
<p class="text">B</p>                                                           
<p class="text">C</p>
==css class selector(for a group of elements)==

css for several elements (for a group of elements)

styling links

css uses a pseudo-class for the different states of a link

a:visited - a link the user has visited a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it a:active - a link the moment it is clicked


display

  • display: none;
  • display: inline;
  • display: block;
  • display: inline-block;

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display

position property

  • relative
  • absolute
  • fixed

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/position

centering

Online Resources

Next week

Will be dedicated to CSS for typography; And web-fonts;