Difference between revisions of "Courses/Design & Technique-Essential Web Design/05"

From Publication Station
 
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==essential typography properties==
==essential typography properties==
* font-size:  ''body in pt, rest of elements in em''
* font-size:  ''body in pt, rest of elements in em''
* font-height: regular or bold
* font-weight: normal or bold
* font-style
* font-style: normal or italic
* font-family
* font-family
* color  
* color  
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* letter-spacing: increases or decreases the space between characters( negative values are allowed)
* letter-spacing: increases or decreases the space between characters( negative values are allowed)
* text-shadow
* text-shadow
* text-indent
* column-count: the number of text columns
* column-width
* text-transform:  uppercase, lowercase
==::first-letter and ::first-line :first-of-type ==
''':first-of-type''' selector in CSS allows you to target the first occurrence of an element within its container.
<pre>
p::first-of-type {
  font-size: 14pt;
  font-wieght:bold;
}
</pre>
'''p::first-letter''' is a CSS pseudo class that applies to the the first letter of an element
<pre>
p::first-letter {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: red;
}
</pre>
'''p::first-line'''  is a CSS pseudo class that applies to the the first line of an element
<pre>
p::first-letter {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: blue;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
</pre>




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== use a custom font ==
== use a custom font ==
To use a custom font, the font file has to be stored somewhere, either '''locally''' (same folder as your site).
To use a custom font, the font file has to be stored somewhere, either '''locally''' (same folder as your site) or remotely.


You can download a sample of display fonts from: http://publicationstation.wdka.hro.nl/displayfonts.zip
=== locally ===
Containing:Amatic-Bold.ttf, AmaticSC-Regular.ttf, GrandHotel-Regular.otf, Pacifico.ttf
* download a font from: https://fontlibrary.org/
* save the font files (.ttf .woff) on your website folder, best in a folder dedicate to fonts
* write the CSS @font-face rules for each of the fonts and font files
 
Try changing the following example with other custom font
 
In this case I'll use 5by7 https://fontlibrary.org/en/font/5by7  which includes 2 styles: regular and bold.  
 
Notice how 2 font sources (files) are used under the same font name, but with different weight, so that both the regular and bold font-styles are used.  


try changing the following example with other custom font
<source lang="html4strict">
<source lang="html4strict">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<html>
<head>
  <head>
  <style type="text/css">
    <style type="text/css">


    @font-face {
      @font-face {
       font-family: "Pacifico";
       font-family: "5by7";
       src: url("fonts/Pacifico.ttf");
       src: url("fonts/5by7.ttf");
    }
      font-weight: normal;
   
      font-style: normal;          
    h1 { font-family: "Pacifico", serif;
      }
    font-weight: normal;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>This is a custom font.</h1>
</body>
</html>
</source>
==fonts and licenses==
We can use this fonts and even make a commercial (for which we receive money) website, using that font, without paying for the font.


It is not because the font is free (of charge), but because they are '''open'''.
      @font-face {
      font-family: "5by7";
      src: url("fonts/5by7_b.ttf");
      font-weight: bold;
      font-style: normal;           
      }


They are released under a '''SIL Open Font License''' (OPF).
      body {
      font-size: 16pt;
      font-family: "5by7"; }


==SIL license==
http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=OFL_web


License:
* allows fonts to be '''used, studied, modified and redistributed freely'''.
* fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded,
redistributed and/or '''sold with any software'''.
* fonts and derivatives, however, '''cannot be released under any other type of license'''.
* requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.


== Apache license==
    </style>
http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/sinkin-sans
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>This is a custom font in Bold.</h1>
    <b>Bold again</b>
    <p>Regular font-weight in a paragraph</p>
  </body>
</html>
</source>


==open fonts libraries==
==Open-source fonts libraries==
* https://fontlibrary.org
* https://fontlibrary.org
* http://fontsquirrel.com/   
* http://fontsquirrel.com/   
* https://fonts.google.com/


==remote custom fonts==
==remote custom fonts==
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* convenient  
* convenient  
* easier
* easier
but, on the down-side:
but, on the '''down-side''':
* it takes more time to load the page
* it takes more time to load the page
* the font can be removed at any point by the service  
* the font can be removed at any point by the service


==remote custom font example==
==remote custom font example==
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== Assignment ==
* find a text or several that you consider interesting;
* place it on a webpage.
* type-set it with CSS, so that the style either illustrates, contradicts, or is in dialog with the content.
'''Rules:'''
* use at least a custom font
* make use of CSS [[Courses/Design_%26_Technique-Essential_Web_Design/04#css_for_typography|essential typography properties]]
* be bold, be extreme: you can go from a legible and soothing style, to total illegible and cryptic. Most important is that the style responds to the text content. And that you have fun and find out new things while doing it.
'''Example:''' http://publicationstation.wdka.hro.nl/go/Alice.html


==References==
==References==
* [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2009/06/beautiful-fonts-with-font-face/beautiful fonts with @font-face]
* [https://hacks.mozilla.org/2009/06/beautiful-fonts-with-font-face/beautiful fonts with @font-face]
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/CSS/@font-face Mozilla @fontface]
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/CSS/@font-face Mozilla @fontface]

Latest revision as of 11:34, 10 October 2018

CSS for typography

essential typography properties

  • font-size: body in pt, rest of elements in em
  • font-weight: normal or bold
  • font-style: normal or italic
  • font-family
  • color
  • text-align
  • line-height
  • letter-spacing: increases or decreases the space between characters( negative values are allowed)
  • text-shadow
  • text-indent
  • column-count: the number of text columns
  • column-width
  • text-transform: uppercase, lowercase

::first-letter and ::first-line :first-of-type

:first-of-type selector in CSS allows you to target the first occurrence of an element within its container. 

p::first-of-type {
  font-size: 14pt;
  font-wieght:bold;
}


p::first-letter is a CSS pseudo class that applies to the the first letter of an element 

p::first-letter {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: red;
}


p::first-line is a CSS pseudo class that applies to the the first line of an element 

p::first-letter {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: blue;
   text-transform: uppercase;
}


Using fonts

system fonts custom fonts
ready to use need to load or upload
limited set broad range
change slightly in each user's computer remain the same to all users
too familiar fresh

system fonts

System fonts are generic fonts.

  • Sans­serif
  • Serif
  • Monospace
  • Cursive

system fonts example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <style>
body {
   font-size: 10pt;
}

p {font-family: cursive;
   font-size: 3em;
}

p.other {font-family: sansserif}

span.yetanother {font-family: monospace}
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p>Cursive generict font</p>
    <p class="other">Testig another generic font. 
      <span class="yetanother">And yet another one</span>
    </p>
  </body>
</html>


custom fonts

The @font-face CSS at-rule allows authors to specify online fonts to display text on their web pages. Mozilla @font-face

Web fonts formats

Different font formats exist:

  • Web Open Font Format (.woff)
  • TrueType/OpenType (.ttf/.otf)
  • Scalable Vector Graphics Fonts (.svg)

Currently, most browsers support these font formats, with the exception of .svg, that is only supported by Firefox. See Wikipidia article on Web fonts.

use a custom font

To use a custom font, the font file has to be stored somewhere, either locally (same folder as your site) or remotely.

locally

  • download a font from: https://fontlibrary.org/
  • save the font files (.ttf .woff) on your website folder, best in a folder dedicate to fonts
  • write the CSS @font-face rules for each of the fonts and font files

Try changing the following example with other custom font

In this case I'll use 5by7 https://fontlibrary.org/en/font/5by7 which includes 2 styles: regular and bold.

Notice how 2 font sources (files) are used under the same font name, but with different weight, so that both the regular and bold font-styles are used. 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">

      @font-face {
      font-family: "5by7";
      src: url("fonts/5by7.ttf");
      font-weight: normal;
      font-style: normal;            
      }

      @font-face {
      font-family: "5by7";
      src: url("fonts/5by7_b.ttf");
      font-weight: bold;
      font-style: normal;            
      }

      body {
      font-size: 16pt;
      font-family: "5by7"; }



    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>This is a custom font in Bold.</h1>
    <b>Bold again</b>
    <p>Regular font-weight in a paragraph</p>
  </body>
</html>

Open-source fonts libraries

remote custom fonts

It is possible to use custom fonts, that are not stored locally, and instead "live" in a service like Google Fonts or Open Font Library.

This method is:

  • convenient
  • easier

but, on the down-side:

  • it takes more time to load the page
  • the font can be removed at any point by the service

remote custom font example

Using the font https://fontlibrary.org/en/font/barrio and following the "Use this font" instructions: 

<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="https://fontlibrary.org/face/barrio" type="text/css"/> 

  <style type="text/css">
    
    h1 {   font-family: 'BarrioRegular';
           font-weight: normal;
           font-style: normal; 
    font-size: 3em;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>This is a remote custom font.</h1>
</body>
</html>


References

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