User:0862093/Joeke Written Assignment Tools Trade

RESEARCH QUESTION

BIO DESIGN

Integrating life sciences in the area of design becomes more and more important.
That’s for a reason; designers nowadays are expected to participate in problematic issues of todays’ world.
The scarcity of sources, the changing climate, the nature being destroyed by the waste of production.
Slowly the awareness among people grows that the system of mass production and consumerism, has reached his time for renewal.

BOOK: Bio Design

Vital Design
Paola Antonelli

'Design is a way of discussing society, politics, eroticism, food and even design.
In the end, it is a way of building up a possible figurative utopia or metaphor about life.'
- Ettore Sottsass

In the designers' ability to build scenarios and prototypes of behavior lies power that they should protect and cherish.

The Hybrid Frontier
William Myers

Bio design refers specifically to the incorporation of living organisms as essential components, enhancing the function of the finished work.
It goes beyond mimicry, it's about integration, dissolving boundaries and synthesizing new hybrid prototypes.
Biological processes replace industrial or mechanical systems. This asks for cross-disciplinairy collaborations.
The convergence of fields and expert-amatuer is necessary to support ongoing effort to alleviate negative impacts of legacies of the Industrial Revolution.
We have to value generation, growth and sustainability.

Beyond Mimicry, A New urgency

Dali on future architecture: 'it will be soft and hairy.'

The pressure of the degradation of the environment demands recognition of the fragility of nature.
Huge contrast with the 20th century, where mechanization was used in order to overpower and control the forces of nature.
Societal priorities and market signs (taxes, subsidies) are still absent.

Art Nouveau 19th century was about the imitation of nature in design of objects and structures. Ernst Haeckel.
But the imitation of nature only offers superficial likeness to the natural world. Decoration, symbols and metaphors.
Bio design achieves qualities of natural forms, such as adaptability, efficiency, interdependency. Designers and engineers consider
basic life forms as potential for the fabrication or form giving mechanisms. According to David Benjamin it's the century of biology.

But integrating life into design is not a magic bullet to solve all the pressing issues, such as the degradation of air, soil water and life.
The affordability of basic tools of biotechnology has put them within reach of engineers and designers.
New Revolution: guide scarce resource management. Models like this only found in nature.

Bio art foreshadowed DIY bio: facilitated by availability of inexpensive equipment and like minded amateur biologists.

Physical Science to Life Science, a History of Nature in Design

Architecture integrates indoor and outdoor spaces and natural materials and saw architecture as a component of a larger whole.
Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto.
Buildings and cities by the Metabolist movement made use of the destruction-birth cycle.

Examples of ecosystems to re-use waste: Frosch & Gallopoulos, Cradle to Cradle.

Problems of collaborations between designers and scientist are disagreements about intellectual property, vocabulary and working standards.

The Evolving Goals and Design of Concrete, a Trajectory Towards Bio Design

Living, self-healing concrete: Bio Concrete.
Objects' ability to restore a sense of human connectivity, enabling new interactivity.
Concrete was first used during the Roman Architectural Revolution, 4th century BC. Domes, Aqueducts etc.
Design in the 21st century is expected to perform in new ways that take into account its impact on worldwide energy and material cycles.

The Promises and Perits of Paradigm Shift

Designers could misuse powers they obtain about biology, because they are bound to cultural biases and personal frailties.
Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg envisioned these dark futures in E.Chromi and The Synthetic Kingdom.
Gidion: we need a attitude turning radically away from the idolatry of production.

EXAMPLES OF CONTEMPORARY PRACTICIONERS

Bio Art and Design Award
Isaac Monté
Using a decellularizing technique we have taken a pig heart and manipulated it into a material.
Decellularization marks a new era of synthetic biology – organs are stripped of their cellular contents,
leaving behind a sterile scaffold that can be repopulated with stemcells. While the medical utilization of this resource is being realised,
the artistic and creative value of ghost organs represents unexplored territory.

Bio Couture
Suzanne Lee
What attracts me to it is that it's compostable. It's not just biodegradable, it's compostable. So you could throw it away like you would your vegetable peelings.

New Material Award 2014
CaCo3 Stoneware

Made by Bees
Tomas Libertiny

Bio Concrete
Henk Jonkers

Growth Pattern
Allison Kudla

Fruitleather

WIKI: DIY Bio

A growing biotechnological social movement in which individuals, communities, and small organizations,
study biology and life science using the same methods as traditional research institutions.
The terms biohacking and wetware hacking emphasize the connection to hacker culture and the hacker ethic.
The term hacker is used in the original sense of taking things apart and putting them back together in a new, better way.
The term biopunk emphasizes the techno-progressive, political, and artistic elements of the movement.

As DIYbio experiments became the focus of SuperHappyDevHouse hackers, the hobby gained additional momentum.

MORE SOURCES

DIY Bio

SymbyioticA

Playing God In Your Basement, Washington Post

DIY Bio Printer, Wired

Biology Hacklabs, The Scientist

Bio Art Lab Eindhoven

DIY Bio Groningen

Open Wetlab Meetup

Angelo Vermeulen

INTERVIEW BIO SCIENTIST RAMON BRIL

About incorporating bio science into design

Living organisms are capable of doing things that physicists and chemists are not yet capable of doing.
We are already incorporating living organisms, and it's very wise of us to start incorporating different organisms into different processes,
at least to evaluate the possibilities.

Once society learns that genetic modification isn't as scary as it sounds and designers get hold of it, there's going to be a revolution.
Of course, there should be thinking before doing.
And there will be problems with, for example, language. Biologists, and the whole study of science, are not used to speak in
such a pragmatic way as designers.

An example of a previous collaboration between two field was the collaboration of physicists and biologists right after World War II.
Many great achievements took place because physicists came from their background into the field of biology.

About DIY Bio

It's not the fact that there are people who love biology that's changing, it's the fact that there are methods of cheaply innovation available.
It has become accessible.
What will open biology do to our society? Quite a lot. Ideas become very important, instead of having a lot of money to do research.

At this point, I might be a step ahead because I've had a formal education on an academy that provided all the basics. As long as I have the passion.
But amateurs are a step ahead on people who have to research by force, such as commercial needs, because their only force is their passion.

ESSAY: The Hobby of Science; Nihilism and the Nerd

by Ramon Bril

Modern science is in a transition state from hobbyism to professionalism, of science to progressive technology.
Debates in philosophy of science often centre around the scientist and his ability to manipulate unseen phenomena or his choice for paradigms.

The foundation of science lies in the motivation behind the craft. Scientists are not objective and are not (always) driven by usefulness.
A scientist is a hobbyist that's driven by the pleasure of collecting knowledge, this makes his work unpredictable and in long term beneficial.
His primary inspiration is a cultural one; it may be under influence of family or media.
This is similar to musicians operating in a specific genre, whose choices are made on a dogmatic fundament.
In this, the scientist is not different from an artist. A dogmatic motivation makes sure he believes in the importance of his findings.

The loss of genius in science can be contributed to professionalism.
The exaggeration of the modern scientist is he who is not interested in the truth, but rather whether his his found facts sell.
He has to, forces by economics and by the fact that funding is given on the promise of results.
The modern society increasingly demands that the scientists works on useful subjects chosen democratically.

Science brings forth understanding which alters choice making and problem solving on social level. Dogmatic hobbyists might be an impartial genius.
In this case, the rising trend of selling facts under the name of science may not be in our best interest if we value the culture of thought.

BLOGPOST: Move Over, Jony Ive—Biologists Are the Next Rock Star Designers

by Liz Stinson on Wired.com

Ginkgo calls itself an organism design foundry.
Throughout history, biologists have focused on describing and understanding the natural world.
But a greater understanding of life’s building blocks has given them a greater proclivity for engineering and designing organisms.
This creative practice, which falls under the umbrella term synthetic biology, views DNA as something to be manipulated and rearranged.
biologists become designers working with one of the most powerful substrates imaginable: life.

Beyond the science lies the ethics and oversight. How can science and society ensure such technology is used for the greater good?
How should it be regulated, and by whom?

Designers and artists are shaping the future of synthetic biology by helping scientists understand the power of this technology.
Their participation is vital, says Kevin Esvelt.
“It forces us to be philosophical in ways that other areas don’t have to be,” he says. “And I think we should embrace it.”

Using biological matter as a material can lead to some wildly creative possibilities.

Ginsberg, a designer who Antonelli describes as the “goddess of synthetic biology,” believes it’s the role of designers to ask uncomfortable
questions of the technologists and scientists who are working in these fields. “I think it’s a social issue, not just a technological issue,” she says.

“There’s an opportunity for designers to not just help with the packaging of science or technology, but telling stories about what it is that it does
and how it does it,” he says. “Especially in an area like synthetic biology where it’s not easy.”

PROJECT: Designing for the Sixth Extinction

by Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg

Attempt to ignite a conversation around ethics in the growing field of synthetic biology.
Should we be using synthetic biology to design our way out of man-made problems?

In this version of the future, novel companion species designed by synthetic biologists support endangered natural species and ecosystems.
Financed by corporate biodiversity offset schemes, patented species are released into the wild.
They compensate for biodiversity lost due to widespread monoculture farming of biomass for biofuel and chemical production.

Modeled on fungus, bacteria, invertebrates and mammals, offer novel protection against more harmful invasive species, diseases and pollution.

PROJECTS: Human as Resource

Kerry Howley - Attraction/Aversion

Attraction/Aversion is a material exploration of how people can feel seemingly opposing emotional responses simultaneously.
The necklaces are made of human hair, a familiar material that we take pride in.
However once off of the body hair becomes an innate source of aversion. Kerry wanted to see if she could make discarded hair attractive again.

Lucy McRae - Make Your Maker

A crude laboratory plays host to a series of macabre experiments, based on the premise that 'Food and the Body are Inseparable'. Lucy's film takes on genetic manipulation, creating glowing comestibles that drip and flow to mold bodily shapes that are then harvested, sliced and repackaged for consumption.

Studio Swine - Hair High Way

Dezeen
Design Miami

Henriette Waal - Not In My Backyard Toilet

Introducing pee-cycling with a toilet that uses fermentation in order to use the urine as fertilizer for gardens.

Mika Rottenberg

In her videos Rottenberg researches what our bodies are capable of doing and how it can create a product.
She creates small factories based on typical features of the body and blows this up. She’s interested in what our body grows and produces and in what can be commodified.
Milk is part of the body and can be made into objects, such as cheese, but hair is too.