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BIO DESIGN

Integrating life sciences in the area of design becomes more and more important.
That’s for a reason; designers nowadays are expected to participate in problematic issues of todays’ world.
The scarcity of sources, the changing climate, the nature being destroyed by the waste of production.
Slowly the awareness among people grows that the system of mass production and consumerism, has reached his time for renewal.

BOOK: Bio Design

Vital Design
Paola Antonelli

'Design is a way of discussing society, politics, eroticism, food and even design.
In the end, it is a way of building up a possible figurative utopia or metaphor about life.'
- Ettore Sottsass

In the designers' ability to build scenarios and prototypes of behavior lies power that they should protect and cherish.

The Hybrid Frontier
William Myers

Bio design refers specifically to the incorporation of living organisms as essential components, enhancing the function of the finished work.
It goes beyond mimicry, it's about integration, dissolving boundaries and synthesizing new hybrid prototypes.
Biological processes replace industrial or mechanical systems. This asks for cross-disciplinairy collaborations.
The convergence of fields and expert-amatuer is necessary to support ongoing effort to alleviate negative impacts of legacies of the Industrial Revolution.
We have to value generation, growth and sustainability.

Beyond Mimicry, A New urgency

Dali on future architecture: 'it will be soft and hairy.'

The pressure of the degradation of the environment demands recognition of the fragility of nature.
Huge contrast with the 20th century, where mechanization was used in order to overpower and control the forces of nature.
Societal priorities and market signs (taxes, subsidies) are still absent.

Art Nouveau 19th century was about the imitation of nature in design of objects and structures. Ernst Haeckel.
But the imitation of nature only offers superficial likeness to the natural world. Decoration, symbols and metaphors.
Bio design achieves qualities of natural forms, such as adaptability, efficiency, interdependency. Designers and engineers consider
basic life forms as potential for the fabrication or form giving mechanisms. According to David Benjamin it's the century of biology.

But integrating life into design is not a magic bullet to solve all the pressing issues, such as the degradation of air, soil water and life.
The affordability of basic tools of biotechnology has put them within reach of engineers and designers.
New Revolution: guide scarce resource management. Models like this only found in nature.

Bio art foreshadowed DIY bio: facilitated by availability of inexpensive equipment and like minded amateur biologists.

Physical Science to Life Science, a History of Nature in Design

Architecture integrates indoor and outdoor spaces and natural materials and saw architecture as a component of a larger whole.
Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto.
Buildings and cities by the Metabolist movement made use of the destruction-birth cycle.

Examples of ecosystems to re-use waste: Frosch & Gallopoulos, Cradle to Cradle.

Problems of collaborations between designers and scientist are disagreements about intellectual property, vocabulary and working standards.

The Evolving Goals and Design of Concrete, a Trajectory Towards Bio Design

Living, self-healing concrete: Bio Concrete.
Objects' ability to restore a sense of human connectivity, enabling new interactivity.
Concrete was first used during the Roman Architectural Revolution, 4th century BC. Domes, Aqueducts etc.
Design in the 21st century is expected to perform in new ways that take into account its impact on worldwide energy and material cycles.

The Promises and Perits of Paradigm Shift

Designers could misuse powers they obtain about biology, because they are bound to cultural biases and personal frailties.
Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg envisioned these dark futures in E.Chromi and The Synthetic Kingdom.
Gidion: we need a attitude turning radically away from the idolatry of production.

EXAMPLES OF CONTEMPORARY PRACTICIONERS

Bio Art and Design Award
Isaac Monté
Using a decellularizing technique we have taken a pig heart and manipulated it into a material.
Decellularization marks a new era of synthetic biology – organs are stripped of their cellular contents,
leaving behind a sterile scaffold that can be repopulated with stemcells. While the medical utilization of this resource is being realised,
the artistic and creative value of ghost organs represents unexplored territory.

Bio Couture
Suzanne Lee
What attracts me to it is that it's compostable. It's not just biodegradable, it's compostable. So you could throw it away like you would your vegetable peelings.

New Material Award 2014
CaCo3 Stoneware

Made by Bees
Tomas Libertiny

Bio Concrete
Henk Jonkers

Growth Pattern
Allison Kudla

Fruitleather

WIKI: DIY Bio

A growing biotechnological social movement in which individuals, communities, and small organizations,
study biology and life science using the same methods as traditional research institutions.
The terms biohacking and wetware hacking emphasize the connection to hacker culture and the hacker ethic.
The term hacker is used in the original sense of taking things apart and putting them back together in a new, better way.
The term biopunk emphasizes the techno-progressive, political, and artistic elements of the movement.

As DIYbio experiments became the focus of SuperHappyDevHouse hackers, the hobby gained additional momentum.

MORE SOURCES

DIY Bio

SymbyioticA

Playing God In Your Basement, Washington Post

DIY Bio Printer, Wired

Biology Hacklabs, The Scientist

Bio Art Lab Eindhoven

DIY Bio Groningen

Open Wetlab Meetup

Angelo Vermeulen

INTERVIEW BIO SCIENTIST RAMON BRIL

About incorporating bio science into design

Living organisms are capable of doing things that physicists and chemists are not yet capable of doing.
We are already incorporating living organisms, and it's very wise of us to start incorporating different organisms into different processes,
at least to evaluate the possibilities.

Once society learns that genetic modification isn't as scary as it sounds and designers get hold of it, there's going to be a revolution.
Of course, there should be thinking before doing.
And there will be problems with, for example, language. Biologists, and the whole study of science, are not used to speak in
such a pragmatic way as designers.

An example of a previous collaboration between two field was the collaboration of physicists and biologists right after World War II.
Many great achievements took place because physicists came from their background into the field of biology.

About DIY Bio

It's not the fact that there are people who love biology that's changing, it's the fact that there are methods of cheaply innovation available.
It has become accessible.
What will open biology do to our society? Quite a lot. Ideas become very important, instead of having a lot of money to do research.

At this point, I might be a step ahead because I've had a formal education on an academy that provided all the basics. As long as I have the passion.
But amateurs are a step ahead on people who have to research by force, such as commercial needs, because their only force is their passion.

ESSAY: The Hobby of Science; Nihilism and the Nerd

by Ramon Bril

Modern science is in a transition state from hobbyism to professionalism, of science to progressive technology.
Debates in philosophy of science often centre around the scientist and his ability to manipulate unseen phenomena or his choice for paradigms.

The foundation of science lies in the motivation behind the craft. Scientists are not objective and are not (always) driven by usefulness.
A scientist is a hobbyist that's driven by the pleasure of collecting knowledge, this makes his work unpredictable and in long term beneficial.
His primary inspiration is a cultural one; it may be under influence of family or media.
This is similar to musicians operating in a specific genre, whose choices are made on a dogmatic fundament.
In this, the scientist is not different from an artist. A dogmatic motivation makes sure he believes in the importance of his findings.

The loss of genius in science can be contributed to professionalism.
The exaggeration of the modern scientist is he who is not interested in the truth, but rather whether his his found facts sell.
He has to, forces by economics and by the fact that funding is given on the promise of results.
The modern society increasingly demands that the scientists works on useful subjects chosen democratically.

Science brings forth understanding which alters choice making and problem solving on social level. Dogmatic hobbyists might be an impartial genius.
In this case, the rising trend of selling facts under the name of science may not be in our best interest if we value the culture of thought.