Difference between revisions of "User:MarjoleinStassen/RADIATION"
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| + | = RADIATION = | ||
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| + | === KICK-OFF THERMAL RADIATION === | ||
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of '''charged particles in matter.''' All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. When the temperature of a body is greater than absolute zero, inter-atomic collisions cause the '''kinetic energy''' of the atoms or molecules to change. This results in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation, and the wide spectrum of radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature. | Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of '''charged particles in matter.''' All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. When the temperature of a body is greater than absolute zero, inter-atomic collisions cause the '''kinetic energy''' of the atoms or molecules to change. This results in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation, and the wide spectrum of radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature. | ||
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'''Sunlight''' is part of thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. '''The Earth also emits thermal radiation''', but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth's '''absorption of solar radiation''', followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth. | '''Sunlight''' is part of thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. '''The Earth also emits thermal radiation''', but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth's '''absorption of solar radiation''', followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth. | ||
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| + | 1. PHYSICS | ||
| + | the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization. | ||
| − | + | 2. BIOLOGY | |
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| − | 2. | ||
| − | BIOLOGY | ||
divergence out from a central point, in particular evolution from an ancestral animal or plant group into a variety of new forms. | divergence out from a central point, in particular evolution from an ancestral animal or plant group into a variety of new forms. | ||
"evolution is a process of radiation not progression" | "evolution is a process of radiation not progression" | ||
| + | Thermal radiation is one of the fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer. | ||
| + | * http://phys.org/news/2016-08-optical-material-unprecedented-thermal.html | ||
| + | * http://www.atomicarchive.com/Effects/effects7.shtml | ||
| + | * http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/light_lessons/thermal/transfer.html | ||
| + | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_Caldera | ||
| + | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared | ||
| + | * http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/what_is_ir.html | ||
| + | * http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Regions/irregions.html | ||
| + | * https://www.buzzfeed.com/simoncrerar/natural-phenomena-you-wont-believe-actually-exist?utm_term=.mkBAwoLwW#.ipz42q72e | ||
| + | * http://www.emlii.com/dd9b03c9/22-Ridiculously-Cool-Rare-Natural-Phenomena-That-Happen-on-Earth | ||
| + | * mhttp://www.storypick.com/17-stunning-rare-natural-phenomena-occur-earth/ | ||
| + | * http://inyminy.com/23-miraculously-awesome-rare-natural-phenomena-occur-earth/ | ||
| + | Forms of electromagnetic radiation like radio waves, light waves or infrared (heat) waves make characteristic patterns as they travel through space. Each wave has a certain shape and length. The distance between peaks (high points) is called wavelengt | ||
| + | * http://www.wired.com/2016/08/meghann-riepenhoff-littoral-drift/ | ||
| + | * https://www.wired.com/2016/08/quickly-climate-change-accelerating-167-maps/ | ||
| + | * http://www.wired.com/2016/08/conservation-big-problem-charismatic-carnivores/ | ||
| + | * https://www.wired.com/video/2016/07/how-darpa-is-making-hacking-into-a-spectator-sport/ | ||
| + | * https://www.wired.com/2016/08/heres-species-will-flee-global-warming/ | ||
| + | * http://www.wired.com/2016/08/lightning-can-kill-300-reindeer-one-strike/ | ||
| + | * https://www.behance.net/gallery/34555299/Irradi-ID | ||
| + | * https://www.behance.net/gallery/14740105/Tsunami- | ||
| − | + | ==== Infrared ==== | |
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49%[20] of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Visible light or ultraviolet-emitting lasers can char paper and incandescently hot objects emit visible radiation. Objects at room temperature will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 µm band, but this is not distinct from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law). | Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49%[20] of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Visible light or ultraviolet-emitting lasers can char paper and incandescently hot objects emit visible radiation. Objects at room temperature will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 µm band, but this is not distinct from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law). | ||
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IR Advantages: | IR Advantages: | ||
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Low power requirements: therefore ideal for laptops, telephones, personal digital assistants | Low power requirements: therefore ideal for laptops, telephones, personal digital assistants | ||
Low circuitry costs: $2-$5 for the entire coding/decoding circuitry | Low circuitry costs: $2-$5 for the entire coding/decoding circuitry | ||
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IR Disadvantages: | IR Disadvantages: | ||
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Line of sight: transmitters and receivers must be almost directly aligned (i.e. able to see each other) to communicate | Line of sight: transmitters and receivers must be almost directly aligned (i.e. able to see each other) to communicate | ||
Blocked by common materials: people, walls, plants, etc. can block transmission | Blocked by common materials: people, walls, plants, etc. can block transmission | ||
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Speed: data rate transmission is lower than typical wired transmission | Speed: data rate transmission is lower than typical wired transmission | ||
| + | * http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/ir_intro/ir_intro.htm | ||
| + | * http://www.space.com/33909-spitzer-space-telescope.html | ||
| + | * http://webbtelescope.org/webb_telescope/science_on_the_edge/beyond_the_visible/ | ||
| + | * http://lonerwolf.com/things-we-cant-see/ | ||
| + | * http://neutronsprotons.com/2015/06/05/the-top-10-things-we-cant-see/ | ||
| + | * https://www.quora.com/What-if-there-are-things-that-we-cant-see-in-this-world | ||
| − | + | '''Statement''': Just because we don't see it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. | |
| + | '''Our definition of seeing is incomplete.''' | ||
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| + | ==== Progress ==== | ||
| + | Progress - | ||
| − | + | === ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION === | |
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| − | + | * http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/who-knew-radio-waves-could-look-this-good | |
| + | * http://radiator.ahoi.in | ||
| + | * http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/light-painting-visualizations-of-oslos-wifi-network | ||
| + | * http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/chernobyl-fukushima-radiation-lightmapping | ||
| + | * http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/what-cell-phone-signals-would-look-like-irl | ||
| + | * http://hackaday.com/2015/09/08/see-actual-microwaves-no-more-faking-it/ | ||
Revision as of 11:43, 16 September 2016
Contents
RADIATION
KICK-OFF THERMAL RADIATION
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. When the temperature of a body is greater than absolute zero, inter-atomic collisions cause the kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules to change. This results in charge-acceleration and/or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation, and the wide spectrum of radiation reflects the wide spectrum of energies and accelerations that occur even at a single temperature.
Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb, the infrared radiation emitted by animals and detectable with an infrared camera, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Thermal radiation is different from thermal convection and thermal conduction—a person near a raging bonfire feels radiant heating from the fire, even if the surrounding air is very cold.
Sunlight is part of thermal radiation generated by the hot plasma of the Sun. The Earth also emits thermal radiation, but at a much lower intensity and different spectral distribution (infrared rather than visible) because it is cooler. The Earth's absorption of solar radiation, followed by its outgoing thermal radiation are the two most important processes that determine the temperature and climate of the Earth.
1. PHYSICS
the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.
2. BIOLOGY divergence out from a central point, in particular evolution from an ancestral animal or plant group into a variety of new forms. "evolution is a process of radiation not progression"
Thermal radiation is one of the fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer.
- http://phys.org/news/2016-08-optical-material-unprecedented-thermal.html
- http://www.atomicarchive.com/Effects/effects7.shtml
- http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/light_lessons/thermal/transfer.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_Caldera
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared
- http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/what_is_ir.html
- http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Regions/irregions.html
- https://www.buzzfeed.com/simoncrerar/natural-phenomena-you-wont-believe-actually-exist?utm_term=.mkBAwoLwW#.ipz42q72e
- http://www.emlii.com/dd9b03c9/22-Ridiculously-Cool-Rare-Natural-Phenomena-That-Happen-on-Earth
- mhttp://www.storypick.com/17-stunning-rare-natural-phenomena-occur-earth/
- http://inyminy.com/23-miraculously-awesome-rare-natural-phenomena-occur-earth/
Forms of electromagnetic radiation like radio waves, light waves or infrared (heat) waves make characteristic patterns as they travel through space. Each wave has a certain shape and length. The distance between peaks (high points) is called wavelengt
- http://www.wired.com/2016/08/meghann-riepenhoff-littoral-drift/
- https://www.wired.com/2016/08/quickly-climate-change-accelerating-167-maps/
- http://www.wired.com/2016/08/conservation-big-problem-charismatic-carnivores/
- https://www.wired.com/video/2016/07/how-darpa-is-making-hacking-into-a-spectator-sport/
- https://www.wired.com/2016/08/heres-species-will-flee-global-warming/
- http://www.wired.com/2016/08/lightning-can-kill-300-reindeer-one-strike/
- https://www.behance.net/gallery/34555299/Irradi-ID
- https://www.behance.net/gallery/14740105/Tsunami-
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49%[20] of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at longer wavelengths. Visible light or ultraviolet-emitting lasers can char paper and incandescently hot objects emit visible radiation. Objects at room temperature will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 µm band, but this is not distinct from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law).
IR Advantages: Low power requirements: therefore ideal for laptops, telephones, personal digital assistants Low circuitry costs: $2-$5 for the entire coding/decoding circuitry Simple circuitry: no special or proprietary hardware is required, can be incorporated into the integrated circuit of a product Higher security: directionality of the beam helps ensure that data isn't leaked or spilled to nearby devices as it's transmitted Portable Few international regulatory constraints: IrDA (Infrared Data Association) functional devices will ideally be usable by international travelers, no matter where they may be High noise immunity: not as likely to have interference from signals from other devices
IR Disadvantages: Line of sight: transmitters and receivers must be almost directly aligned (i.e. able to see each other) to communicate Blocked by common materials: people, walls, plants, etc. can block transmission Short range: performance drops off with longer distances Light, weather sensitive: direct sunlight, rain, fog, dust, pollution can affect transmission Speed: data rate transmission is lower than typical wired transmission
- http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/ir_intro/ir_intro.htm
- http://www.space.com/33909-spitzer-space-telescope.html
- http://webbtelescope.org/webb_telescope/science_on_the_edge/beyond_the_visible/
- http://lonerwolf.com/things-we-cant-see/
- http://neutronsprotons.com/2015/06/05/the-top-10-things-we-cant-see/
- https://www.quora.com/What-if-there-are-things-that-we-cant-see-in-this-world
Statement: Just because we don't see it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. Our definition of seeing is incomplete.
Progress
Progress -
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
- http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/who-knew-radio-waves-could-look-this-good
- http://radiator.ahoi.in
- http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/light-painting-visualizations-of-oslos-wifi-network
- http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/chernobyl-fukushima-radiation-lightmapping
- http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/what-cell-phone-signals-would-look-like-irl
- http://hackaday.com/2015/09/08/see-actual-microwaves-no-more-faking-it/
