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BIO DESIGN

Integrating life sciences in the area of design becomes more and more important.
That’s for a reason; designers nowadays are expected to participate in problematic issues of todays’ world.
The scarcity of sources, the changing climate, the nature being destroyed by the waste of production.
Slowly the awareness among people grows that the system of mass production and consumerism, has reached his time for renewal.

BOOK: Bio Design

Vital Design
Paola Antonelli

'Design is a way of discussing society, politics, eroticism, food and even design.
In the end, it is a way of building up a possible figurative utopia or metaphor about life.'
- Ettore Sottsass

In the designers' ability to build scenarios and prototypes of behavior lies power that they should protect and cherish.

The Hybrid Frontier
William Myers

Bio design refers specifically to the incorporation of living organisms as essential components, enhancing the function of the finished work.
It goes beyond mimicry, it's about integration, dissolving boundaries and synthesizing new hybrid prototypes.
Biological processes replace industrial or mechanical systems. This asks for cross-disciplinairy collaborations.
The convergence of fields and expert-amatuer is necessary to support ongoing effort to alleviate negative impacts of legacies of the Industrial Revolution.
We have to value generation, growth and sustainability.

Beyond Mimicry, A New urgency

Dali on future architecture: 'it will be soft and hairy.'

The pressure of the degradation of the environment demands recognition of the fragility of nature.
Huge contrast with the 20th century, where mechanization was used in order to overpower and control the forces of nature.
Societal priorities and market signs (taxes, subsidies) are still absent.

Art Nouveau 19th century was about the imitation of nature in design of objects and structures. Ernst Haeckel.
But the imitation of nature only offers superficial likeness to the natural world. Decoration, symbols and metaphors.
Bio design achieves qualities of natural forms, such as adaptability, efficiency, interdependency. Designers and engineers consider
basic life forms as potential for the fabrication or form giving mechanisms. According to David Benjamin it's the century of biology.

But integrating life into design is not a magic bullet to solve all the pressing issues, such as the degradation of air, soil water and life.
The affordability of basic tools of biotechnology has put them within reach of engineers and designers.
New Revolution: guide scarce resource management. Models like this only found in nature.

Bio art foreshadowed DIY bio: facilitated by availability of inexpensive equipment and like minded amateur biologists.

Physical Science to Life Science, a History of Nature in Design

Architecture integrates indoor and outdoor spaces and natural materials and saw architecture as a component of a larger whole.
Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto.
Buildings and cities by the Metabolist movement made use of the destruction-birth cycle.

Examples of ecosystems to re-use waste: Frosch & Gallopoulos, Cradle to Cradle.

Problems of collaborations between designers and scientist are disagreements about intellectual property, vocabulary and working standards.

The Evolving Goals and Design of Concrete, a Trajectory Towards Bio Design

Living, self-healing concrete: Bio Concrete.
Objects' ability to restore a sense of human connectivity, enabling new interactivity.
Concrete was first used during the Roman Architectural Revolution, 4th century BC. Domes, Aqueducts etc.
Design in the 21st century is expected to perform in new ways that take into account its impact on worldwide energy and material cycles.

The Promises and Perits of Paradigm Shift

Designers could misuse powers they obtain about biology, because they are bound to cultural biases and personal frailties.
Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg envisioned these dark futures in E.Chromi and The Synthetic Kingdom.
Gidion: we need a attitude turning radically away from the idolatry of production.

EXAMPLES

Bio Art and Design Award
Isaac Monté
Using a decellularizing technique we have taken a pig heart and manipulated it into a material.
Decellularization marks a new era of synthetic biology – organs are stripped of their cellular contents,
leaving behind a sterile scaffold that can be repopulated with stemcells. While the medical utilization of this resource is being realised,
the artistic and creative value of ghost organs represents unexplored territory.

Bio Couture
Suzanne Lee
What attracts me to it is that it's compostable. It's not just biodegradable, it's compostable. So you could throw it away like you would your vegetable peelings.

New Material Award 2014
CaCo3 Stoneware

Made by Bees
Tomas Libertiny

Bio Concrete
Henk Jonkers

Growth Pattern
Allison Kudla