Difference between revisions of "Courses/Design & Technique-Essential Web Design/03"

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<source lang="css">
<source lang="css">
p {color: black;
p {
      color: black;
   }
   }


.text{ color: black;
.text{ color: black;
          font-weight: italic ;
      font-weight: italic ;
              background: #003366;
      background: #003366;
                color: white;
      color: white;
}
}
</source>
 
<source lang="html4strict">
      </source>
<div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
<span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
 
<p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
 
<p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
<source lang="html4strict">
<p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
      <div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
<p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>
      <span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
      <p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
      <p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
      <p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
      <p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>
</source>
</source>


Line 199: Line 204:


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= a separate CSS file  =
= a separate CSS file  =

Revision as of 10:27, 13 September 2016

HTML <div> and span

<div> tag =

The div tag is essentially a square container for other content. 

<div style="background:black; color:red; width:400px; height: 400px">                      
    <h1>Beautiful page</h1>                                                     
    <p>writing stuff                                                            
      <i>inside</i>                                                             
    </p>                                                                        
</div>


Abstract Browsing is a Chrome extension by Rafaël Rozendaal that transforms web pages into colored divs.


span tag

<div style="background:black; color:red; width:400px; height: 400px">                      
    <h1>Beautiful page</h1>                                                     
    <p>writing stuff                                                            
      <i>inside</i>                                                             
    </p>                                                                        
</div>


HTML UTF-8 Encoding

Use more than ASCII characters by telling to the browser your page uses UTF-8 encoding scheme.

UTF-8 can represent any character in the Unicode table, including emoji, Chinese, Arabic, Greek, etc characters. 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
          <meta charset="UTF-8" />
	  <title>😸</title>
</head>
<body>
	 <h1>😽 s page</h1>
</body>
</html>

Styling your page with CSS

CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

HTML is not meant to style (inline syling eg: 

<h1 style="color:red;background:black>

is old fashion and discouraged).

CSS is the preferred to way to style.

  • HTML tell the browser what content it should display
  • CSS tells the browser how to display that content.

CSS inside an HTML page

  • CSS code goes inside the style tags <style> ... </style>
  • <style> ... </style> tags are placed inside the head of the HTML page.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
    <style>

     body{
            background: #FF19DC;
	    color: black;
	    font-family: mono;
			        }

   </style>
   </head>
   </html>
   <body></body>
   </html>

anatomy of a css rule

Each CSS style sheet (all the styles of a page) is made of several rules.

Each rule follows the syntax:

Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png

Source: http://dabrook.org/resources/posters/


Example of a CSS rule

  • element: what element(s) is being styled e.g. div
  • property: what property of that element is being styled e.g. color
  • value: how the property is styled e.g. white
div {
      background: blue;
      color: white;
      width: 500px;
      height: 250px;
      font-size:30pt;
	         }

Here we are styling all the div elements in the html page.


CSS Properties

CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference

Some properties.

  • color, background-color, width, height
  • border, box-shadow, list-style
  • margin, padding
  • transform, gradient, border-radius

Use some of these properties, and others that you discover in your page.



Inspecting a page

The browser (Chrome and Firefox) offer the possibility of inspecting a page with the option Inspect Element.

This possibility allows for prototyping (changing and seeing immediately the result ) a page's CSS and HTML.

Keep in mind that this changes WILL NOT be saved. To do so you need to copy them to the editor and save them.



id and class attributes

Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.

They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.

  • id (#) is used to 'distinguish tags
  • class (.) is used to group tags

id

  • id (#) is used to 'distinguish tags
  • the same id cannot be repeated in the same file. Use only once.
  • The symbol for id is: #
p {color: black;
   font-weight: bold;
      }

p#special{ color: red;
           font-weight: normal;
           transform: matrix(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
		      }

<p id="special">I am specific paragraph with id="special" </p>
<p>Just another paragraph under the tag p .</p>
<p>Another one of the same tag p, without id.</p>

Only the paragraph with id="special" will be effected by the rule above p#special: red, normal weight, transform. The remaining paragraphs are only affect by the rule p {...}

class

  • class (.) is used to group different tags - They become styled by same CSS rule
  • class can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file
  • The symbol for class is: .


p {
       color: black;
   }

.text{ color: black;
       font-weight: italic ;
       background: #003366;
       color: white;
		 }



       <div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
       <span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
       <p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
       <p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
       <p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
       <p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>


a separate CSS file

The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in css file.

To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file, using the tag link inside the html head. 

<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  </head>
  <body>
  ....


homework

Apply CSS to the content of your weblog

  • Make each entry (past or future) in your weblog will be wrapped inside a div
  • Give each entry div an unique id; and a common class. E.g

....*

  • Style each entry differently
  • ADD content


Online Resources on CSS


Art works, making heavy use of CSS

Florian Cramer Local Impro Snodge http://cramer.pleintekst.nl/deplayer-impro-snodge/ - essencially gifs and CSS

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