Difference between revisions of "Courses/Design & Technique-Essential Web Design/03"

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<slidy theme="a"/>


=UTF-8 Encoding=
=Styling your Web page with CSS=
Use more than [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII] characters by telling to the browser your page uses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 UTF-8]
encoding scheme.


UTF-8 can represent any character in the [http://unicode-table.com/en/ Unicode table]
==CSS - Cascading Style Sheets ==
 
HTML is not meant to style (inline syling eg: <pre><h1 style="color:red;background:black></pre> is old fashion and discouraged).
<source lang="html4strict">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>OHH a 😹</h1>
  </body>
</html>
</source>
 
 
=A few more HTML tags=
=== <nowiki><div></nowiki> div tag ===
The div tag is essentially a container of other content.
<source lang="html4strict">
<div style="background:black; color:red; width:400px; height: 400px">                     
    <h1>Beautiful page</h1>                                                   
    <p>writing stuff                                                           
      <i>inside</i>                                                           
    </p>                                                                       
</div>
</source>
 
 
Abstract Browsing is a Chrome extension by Rafaël Rozendaal that transforms web pages into colored divs.
 
=== <nowiki> span</nowiki> tag ===
<source lang="html4strict">
<div style="background:black; color:red; width:400px; height: 400px">                     
    <h1>Beautiful page</h1>                                                   
    <p>writing stuff                                                           
      <i>inside</i>                                                           
    </p>                                                                       
</div>
</source>
 
 
 
=Styling your page with CSS=
 
==CSS - Cascading Style Sheets ==  
HTML is not meant to style (inline syling: <code>style="color:..."</code> is old fashion and discouraged).


'''CSS is the preferred to way to style.'''
'''CSS is the preferred to way to style.'''
Line 56: Line 9:
* CSS tells the browser '''how to display''' that content.
* CSS tells the browser '''how to display''' that content.


==css inside an HTML page==
==CSS inside an HTML page==
* CSS code goes inside the style tags <code><style> ... </style></code>  
* CSS code goes '''inside the style tags''' <code><style> ... </style></code>
*  <code><style> ... </style></code> tags are placed inside the head of the HTML page.
*  <code><style> ... </style></code> tags are '''placed inside the head''' of the HTML page.


<source lang="html4strict">
<source lang="html4strict">
Line 64: Line 17:
<html>
<html>
  <head>
  <head>
  <style>
    <style>


     body{
     body{
      background: #FF19DC;
            background: #FF19DC;
      color: black;
    color: black;
      font-family: mono;
    font-family: mono;
      }  
        }


   </style>
   </style>
</head>
  </head>
</html>
  </html>
<body></body>
  <body></body>
</html>
  </html>
</source>
</source>


Line 82: Line 35:
Each CSS style sheet (all the styles of a page) is made of several rules.
Each CSS style sheet (all the styles of a page) is made of several rules.


Each '''rule''' follows the syntax:  
Each '''rule''' follows the syntax:
 
[[File:Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png|600px|]]
[[File:Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png|600px|]]


Line 101: Line 54:
       height: 250px;
       height: 250px;
       font-size:30pt;
       font-size:30pt;
  }
        }
</source>
</source>
Here we are styling all the div elements in the html page.
Here we are styling all the div elements in the html page.


Line 116: Line 70:
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform transform], gradient, border-radius
* [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform transform], gradient, border-radius


'''Use some of these properties to style your page.'''
'''Use some of these properties, and others that you discover in your page.'''
 


-----


= CSS position, display, float =
@andre: study and explain CSS position
https://kilianvalkhof.com/2008/css-xhtml/understanding-css-positioning-part-1/
http://learn.shayhowe.com/html-css/positioning-content/


== Position ==
=Inspecting a page=
The browser (Chrome and Firefox) offer the possibility of inspecting a page with the option '''Inspect Element'''.


* absolute
This possibility allows for prototyping (changing and seeing immediately the result ) a page's CSS and HTML.
* relative


'''Keep in mind that this changes WILL NOT be saved.  
== Display ==
To do so you need to copy them to the editor and save them.  
@andre: SEE display property explain in http://dustwell.com/div-span-inline-block.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9189810/css-display-inline-vs-inline-block
'''


* none / hidden - turns to '''none''' (hides) the display of the element.
* inline - horizontal line of elements, but width and hide will be define by its content.
* block - vertical stack of elements.
* inline-block - horizontal line of elements, but they can have a width and height.


https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display


-----




=id and class attributes=
=id and class attributes=
Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.  
Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.


They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.
They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.
Line 149: Line 97:
* '''id (#) is used to 'distinguish'' tags'''
* '''id (#) is used to 'distinguish'' tags'''
* '''class (.)''' is used to ''group'' tags'''
* '''class (.)''' is used to ''group'' tags'''


==id==
==id==
* '''id (#) is used to 'distinguish'' tags'''
* '''id (#) is used to 'distinguish'' tags'''
* the same id cannot be repeated in the same file. Use only once.  
* the same id cannot be repeated in the same file. Use only once.
* The symbol for id is: '''<code>#</code>'''
* The symbol for id is: '''<code>#</code>'''


<source lang="css">
<source lang="css">
p {color: black;
p { color: black;
  font-weight: bold;  
    font-weight: bold;
   }
   }


p#special{ color: red;
p#special{ color: red;
           font-weight: normal;  
           font-weight: normal;
           transform: matrix(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
           transform: matrix(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
}
}
</source>
</source>


<source lang="html4strict">
<source lang="html4strict">
Line 176: Line 124:


==class==
==class==
* '''class (.)''' is used to ''group'' tags'''
* '''class (.)''' is used to ''group'' different tags''' - They become styled by same CSS rule
* class can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file
* class can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file
* The symbol for class is: <code>.</code>
* The symbol for class is: <code>.</code>
Line 182: Line 130:


<source lang="css">
<source lang="css">
p {color: black;
p {
      color: black;
   }
   }


.text{ color: black;
.text{ color: black;
          font-weight: italic ;  
      font-weight: italic ;
          background: #003366;
      background: #003366;
          color: white;
      color: white;
}
}
</source>
<source lang="html4strict">
<div class="text">This is a div tag</div>                                                         
<span class="text">This is a span tag</span>                                                         
<p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
<p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
<p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
<p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p> 
</source>


      </source>




== Online Resources ==
<source lang="html4strict">
* CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference
      <div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
* Lynda.com CSS-Selectors (Part 1) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/CSS-Selectors/192036-2.html?org=hr.nl
      <span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
* Lynda.com CSS Gradients (Part2,3) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/Exploring-linear-syntax/115467/122823-4.html
      <p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
* http://www.w3.org/Style/Examples/007/center.en.html
      <p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
      <p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
      <p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>
</source>




==homework==
Apply CSS to the content of your weblog


* Make each entry (past or future) in your weblog will be wrapped inside a div
-----
* Give each entry div an unique id; and a common class. E.g <code><div id="entry01" class="weblog">
....</div></code>*
* Style each entry differently
* ADD content
 
@Andre: clarify .
 
 
==Next week==
Will be dedicated to CSS for typography; And web-fonts;
 
----
BOOK SCAPES: http://www.julienlevesque.net/books-scapes/index2.html
 
 
== a separate CSS file  ==
Move this to next class


= a separate CSS file  =
The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in '''css file.
The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in '''css file.


To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file, using the tag link inside the html head.  
To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file, using the tag link inside the html head.


  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
Line 241: Line 168:
<html>
<html>
  <head>
  <head>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />  
  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
  </head>
<body>
  <body>
....
  ....
</source>
</source>
 
= Online Resources on CSS =
* CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference
* Lynda.com CSS-Selectors (Part 1) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/CSS-Selectors/192036-2.html?org=hr.nl
* Lynda.com CSS Gradients (Part2,3) http://www.lynda.com/CSS-tutorials/Exploring-linear-syntax/115467/122823-4.html
* Centering elements with http://www.w3.org/Style/Examples/007/center.en.html
= Art works, making heavy use of CSS =
Florian Cramer ''Local Impro Snodge '' http://cramer.pleintekst.nl/deplayer-impro-snodge/ - essencially gifs and CSS

Latest revision as of 11:34, 10 October 2018

Styling your Web page with CSS

CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

HTML is not meant to style (inline syling eg: 

<h1 style="color:red;background:black>

is old fashion and discouraged).

CSS is the preferred to way to style.

  • HTML tell the browser what content it should display
  • CSS tells the browser how to display that content.

CSS inside an HTML page

  • CSS code goes inside the style tags <style> ... </style>
  • <style> ... </style> tags are placed inside the head of the HTML page.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
    <style>

     body{
            background: #FF19DC;
	    color: black;
	    font-family: mono;
			        }

   </style>
   </head>
   </html>
   <body></body>
   </html>

anatomy of a css rule

Each CSS style sheet (all the styles of a page) is made of several rules.

Each rule follows the syntax:

Basic-Anatomy-of-a-CSS-Rule1.png

Source: http://dabrook.org/resources/posters/


Example of a CSS rule

  • element: what element(s) is being styled e.g. div
  • property: what property of that element is being styled e.g. color
  • value: how the property is styled e.g. white
div {
      background: blue;
      color: white;
      width: 500px;
      height: 250px;
      font-size:30pt;
	         }

Here we are styling all the div elements in the html page.


CSS Properties

CSS Property reference https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference

Some properties.

  • color, background-color, width, height
  • border, box-shadow, list-style
  • margin, padding
  • transform, gradient, border-radius

Use some of these properties, and others that you discover in your page.



Inspecting a page

The browser (Chrome and Firefox) offer the possibility of inspecting a page with the option Inspect Element.

This possibility allows for prototyping (changing and seeing immediately the result ) a page's CSS and HTML.

Keep in mind that this changes WILL NOT be saved. To do so you need to copy them to the editor and save them.



id and class attributes

Two of the most used attributes in HTML is id and class.

They are important to distinguish and group different elements. And become particularly important in CSS styling.

  • id (#) is used to 'distinguish tags
  • class (.) is used to group tags

id

  • id (#) is used to 'distinguish tags
  • the same id cannot be repeated in the same file. Use only once.
  • The symbol for id is: #
p { color: black;
    font-weight: bold;
   }

p#special{ color: red;
           font-weight: normal;
           transform: matrix(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0);
	}



<p id="special">I am specific paragraph with id="special" </p>
<p>Just another paragraph under the tag p .</p>
<p>Another one of the same tag p, without id.</p>

Only the paragraph with id="special" will be effected by the rule above p#special: red, normal weight, transform. The remaining paragraphs are only affect by the rule p {...}

class

  • class (.) is used to group different tags - They become styled by same CSS rule
  • class can be used INFINITE TIMES in a file
  • The symbol for class is: .


p {
       color: black;
   }

.text{ color: black;
       font-weight: italic ;
       background: #003366;
       color: white;
		 }



       <div class="text">This is a div tag</div>
       <span class="text">This is a span tag</span>
       <p class="text">and this is a p tag</p>
       <p>Notice how all the above tags with class="text" are styled the same way.</p>
       <p>These 2 last tags, on the other hand have NOT class="text", and therefore remain are not affected by the CSS rule</p>
       <p>Also notice how 3 different tags can look the same if they share the same class </p>


a separate CSS file

The CSS for a HTML page (or several pages) can stored outside that page, in css file.

To do that we need link the HTML file to the CSS file, using the tag link inside the html head. 

<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
  </head>
  <body>
  ....


Online Resources on CSS

Art works, making heavy use of CSS

Florian Cramer Local Impro Snodge http://cramer.pleintekst.nl/deplayer-impro-snodge/ - essencially gifs and CSS

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