Courses/Design & Technique-Essential Web Design/01

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Internet

• what is it?
• where did it came from?
• what motivated its creation?

Context for the creation of the ARPANET

• USA, 1960s
• Cold War - consequences of a nuclear attack
• Soviet Union launched in 1957 Sputnik - the first satellite
• Sputnik trigger a space race between US and the Soviet Union: if the US only had a change to win, if they invested in scientific development.
• ARPANET was created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) (later called DARPA)

Aims for the ARPANET

• create access to remote computers, connected to the network
• be capable of withstanding communications in the face of an attack
  • decentralized network
• allow a variety of computers to join the network and be accessed
• foster collaborative scientific research

Characteristics of the ARPANET

• Distributed network: each node connects to more than 1 other node
  • destruction of a node would not interrupt communication

Killer App: Email

• At first the network was not heavily used
• It was difficult to access and use the different computers on the network: each its specificities, which one had to learn
• the creation of electronic mail, brought many more users to network, which were simply using to communicate
• the network change from a resource sharing system to a communication system.

Internet: the network that connected networks

• by 1980 several digital networks, were functioning, besides ARPANET both in US and Europe:
  • USENET, BITNET, FidoNet (Bulletin Board Network), etc
• these were isolated networks, not connected interconnected.
• the task was to connect this networks
• to the wide and integrated network was given the name Internet

Listen to a radio program on Bulletin Board Networks: 'Wild And Woolly' World Of Bulletin Boards

Documentary

Degoutin, Stéphane, and Gwenola Wagon. World Brain Stéphane Degoutin & Gwenola Wagon, 2012. http://worldbrain.arte.tv.

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• What do you I use the Internet for?
• Are the Internet and the Web the same? What is the difference between them?
• Distinction between the Internet (the infrastructure, like a highway) and the Web (one of the vehicles of the highway)
• (Brief) History of the Internet - a information highway build for the military
• (Brief) History of the Web - a wold-wide documentation system build for scientists

Films

Degoutin, Stéphane, and Gwenola Wagon. World Brain Stéphane Degoutin & Gwenola Wagon, 2012. http://worldbrain.arte.tv.

Optional Reading

Stephenson, Neal. “Mother Earth Mother Board.” Wired, http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/4.12/ffglass_pr.html.