Courses/Design & Technique-Essential Web Design/Q2/02

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Javascript (JS)

what is JS?

JS is a simple programming language that runs inside webpages when the pages are loaded in the users' browser.

In the complex organism that can be a web-page, you have:

  • HTML - content & structure
  • CSS - look
  • Javascript - (artificial) intelligence.

JS = a language

Javascript is a programming language.

Like natural languages (English, Dutch, Mandarin, etc) it has rules, words, and special characters (like {,[,$), each with specific meanings withing the language, which we'll have to follow in order to talk in JS.

JS in a HTML page

Javascript appears inside the html page inside the <script> tag 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>starting javascript-ing</h1>
    <p>within the script tag</p>

    <script>
      alert("hello world! Greetings from javascript");
    </script>

  </body>
</html>

JS in a separate file

The JS is imported from another file.

HTML file: 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    
    <script src="hello.js"></script>

  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>starting javascript-ing</h1>
    <p>within the script tag</p>
  </body>
</html>

JavaScript file: hello.js 

alert("hello world! Greetings from javascript");

making statements

JS statements are like phrases, that do very specific tasks.

Each statement has to be terminated with ";"

Like the above alert('Welcome to this page');

the browser console

JS-console.png

Essential to prototype, and debug your JS code.

Data types

JS has essential data-types, that is types of information: numbers, strings, booleans and lists

Numbers

both positive or negative, integer or floating. E.g. 1, 0.2, -10

  • Numbers' operations: Numbers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and perform a number of other math operations. 1/3

Strings

Essentially words or sentences. They are easy identified since they are inside quotation-marks (" or '). E.g. "I am a string", 'so am I', "900 - numbers inside quotations are also strings"

  • Strings can be added, "string " + "is added";
  • change to upper/lower case "string".toUpperCase();
  • asked it includes a given string "string".includes("ing");
  • asked how long is the string "string".length

Booleans

consists of simply two values: true or false "I am a string".includes("I am");

isFinite(10/0)


lists or arrays

List or arrays are simply collections of multiple "things", which can be numbers, strings or booleans. And are always surrounded by [ ] (square brackets).

["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false] A list containing numbers, strings and booleans

lists can be:

  • asked what it contains in each position ["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false][0]
  • sorted (put in order) ["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false].sort() or reversed ["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false].reverse()
  • added a new item ["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false].push('new item')
  • removed the last item ["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false].pop(), or first item ["apples", "bananas", 14, 0, false].shift()


Variables

So far we have been using these various types of data, yet we cannot do much with them, we cannot manipulate them or reuse them, without storing them.

For that we have variables, like little memory cells, that hold the information with give it to it. 

var a = 10;
var b = 2;
var c = a * b;

var mylist = ["bananas", "apples", a];
mylist.push(c);

var bananas = mylist[0]+a;
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